Timolol (timolol) eye drops 0.5% 5 ml. vial

Description

Timolol (timolol) eye drops 0.5% 5 ml. vial

Composition

active ingredient: timolol;

1 ml of the drug contains timolol maleate in terms of timolol 2.5 mg and 5 mg; excipients: benzalkonium chloride, sodium chloride, sodium dihydrophosphate dihydrate, sodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate; disodium edetate, water for injections.

Dosage form

Eye drops, solution.

Basic physical and chemical properties: transparent colorless liquid.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Means used in ophthalmology. Antiglaucoma drugs and miotic drugs. Blockers of β-adrenergic receptors.
ATX code S01E D01.

Pharmacological properties

Timolol is a blocker of β1 and β2-adrenergic receptors. When instilled into the eye, it reduces intraocular pressure, mainly due to a decrease in the production of intraocular fluid. The effect is associated with the inhibition of the adenylate cyclase system of the ciliary tissue, which actively transports sodium from the blood into the intraocular fluid, which leads to a decrease in the intensity of the moisture formation process. Does not affect accommodation, refraction and pupil size. When instilled into the eye, it reduces both elevated and normal intraocular pressure. Pressure reduction is carried out without a significant effect on accommodation, which is an advantage compared to antiglaucoma drugs with miotic action.

Indications

It is prescribed for the treatment of chronic open-angle, secondary glaucoma (a chronic eye disease in which intraocular pressure rises. If the pressure increase process is not stopped, the optic nerve dies, which leads to irreversible blindness. A common complication of the development of diabetes mellitus).
Timolol is a non-selective blocker of beta-adrenergic receptors with insignificant sympathomimetic activity, has a direct inhibitory effect on the heart muscle, and also has local activity, characterized by the ability to stabilize the membrane.
In the case of topical application, it is able to reduce ocular pressure inside the eye, due to a decrease in the production of moisture and an increase in its outflow.

Contraindications

It is forbidden for use in case of allergy to timolol or any of the additional active substances, including those characterized by rashes over the entire surface of the skin, bronchial asthma, and other obstructive respiratory diseases. It is also contraindicated in sinus bradycardia, AV block II-III degree, sinoatrial block, sinus node weakness syndrome, acute and chronic heart failure. Not applicable if the patient is in a state of cardiogenic shock, suffers from severe atrophic rhinitis, degenerative diseases of the cornea.

Application during pregnancy and lactation

There is no recorded data that the use of Timolol is safe for a pregnant woman and her fetus. Therefore, the use of Timolol is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation.

Method of administration and dosage

Timolol is injected under the conjunctiva 1 drop 1-2 times a day. Start with a minimum concentration of 0.25%. If the application does not bring an effect, they switch to a solution with a higher concentration (0.5%).
To get the medicine into the conjunctival sac (lower eyelid), it is enough to pull the lower eyelid, and direct the tip of the bottle downward, inject a drop. If you cannot get into the lower conjunctiva on your own, you can inject 1 drop of the solution into the inner corner of the eye, closest to the nose, just behind the lacrimal papilla, and blink. After entering the area behind the lacrimal papilla, the medicinal solution will independently spread throughout the conjunctival sac along the entire eyeball. With your eyes closed, press the eyelid to the eye with your fingertips, pressing lightly. Sit for a few minutes before opening your eyes.
When the normal level of intraocular pressure is restored, you can switch to a maintenance dose: 1 drop per day, in the morning.
Suitable for long-term use. Does not cause addiction or drug dependence. The duration of treatment and maintenance therapy is determined by the doctor.

Overdose

There are no recorded data on Timolol overdose. In case of accidental ingestion in large doses, the stomach should be rinsed, and enterosorbents should be prescribed. An overdose of beta-blockers usually causes bronchospasm, a drop in blood pressure, and bradycardia. Treatment is symptomatic.

Side effects

Usually patients tolerate Timolol well. Occasionally, local reactions are observed, in particular, conjunctivitis, profuse discharge of tears, edema of the corneal epithelium, burning sensation, diplopia, hyperthyroidism are observed. When absorbed into the blood, blood pressure can decrease, also cause a reaction in the form of insomnia, depression, paresthesia, bronchospasm occur, which can lead to atrioventricular blockade.
If these or other undesirable side reactions occur, you should stop using Timolol and consult a doctor.